00104143

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ロンセツ シエラレオネ ナイセン ニオケル ヘイワ イジ カツドウ ノ テンカイ (2・カン)

Peacekeeping; Activities in Sierra Leone (2) : From ECOMOG to UNAMSIL

Japanese (日本語)

国際協力論集

9(3)

95-129

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2002-02

2007-05-30

For the peace process in the Sierra Leone conflict， the Lome Peace Agreement was concluded between the Sierra Leone government and RUF on July 7， 1999. This has allowed for the discontinuation of hostilities ， governance and election problems including the transformation of RUF to a political party， humanitarian and human rights issues etc. The Agreement also introduced “a neutral peace keeping force" ， consisting of ECOMOG and UNOMSIL to implement its provisions. It should be underlined that the operative tasks of these organs in this framework are dependent on two conditions: the observance of the Agreement by RUF on the one hand， and the security of UNOMSIL personnel during the performance of its mandate on the other. Both of these， however， proved nearly impossible to guarantee on the ground， which aggregated a situation already weakened by the withdrawal of Nigerian troops. That is why the establishment of UNAMSIL， a new peacekeeping mission with a “robust" mandate under Chapter VII of the UN Charter， was called for in place of UNOMSIL and ECOMOG. The substantial succession from ECOMOG to UNAMSIL through the implementation of the Lome Peace Agreement implies two aspects; the composition of units and the content of the mandate. This is not only an example of the chain of multinational forces and the UN peacekeeping missions， but also illustrates some good or bad influence which preceding organs may pass on to succeeding ones. Thus， it is to be understood from the continuity of these forces that RUF had doubts about the impartiality of UNAMSIL and adopted a policy of challenging UNAMSIL， which it was claimed sided with ECOMOG against RUF. This position taken towards UNAMSIL by RUF led subsequently to the outbreak of hostage taking and killing of UNAMSIL personnel on May 2000. The debates on this incident in the UN Security Council have contributed towards making much clearer the legal character of the operation of UNAMSIL， which combines peacekeeping and Chapter VII of the UN Charter. According to the prevailing view amongst the UN Security Council Members and the UN Secretary-General， peacekeeping has never been inconsistent with “a specified action under Chapter VII" ， opposed to peace-enforcement， that is to say，“ a perfect action under Chapter VII". It is to be noted that this differentiation between peacekeeping and peace-enforcement is not to make reference only to the Chapter VII in the resolutions of the Security Council， but rather to place the emphasis on the consent of the parties concerned as well as on the limitation of the mandate of UNAMSIL under Chapter VII， the use of force only to ensure the freedom of movement of UNAMSIL and the safety of UN personnel and civilians. Such an example of UN “robust" peacekeeping is also illustrated by the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)， which seems to require the reconstruction of the relationship between peacekeeping and the activities under Chapter VII of the UN Charter subtly， and at the same time to redefine the fundamental principles of UN peacekeeping.

紀要論文