00317853

open access

Version of Record

ロンセツ ヘイワ ノ タメ ノ コクサイ ギョウセイ : コクレン PKO カツドウ ノ ギョウザイセイ セイド ノ ケイセイ ニツイテ

Toward International Governance of Peace Operations : Making ot the Financing and Management System of the United Nations Peacekeeping Oerations

Japanese (日本語)

国際協力論集

9(2)

1-24

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2001-10

2007-05-30

After the end of the Cold War， the United Nations operations have evolved from the traditional PKOs for observation of truce agreements to transition administration accompanied by peace enforcement， and diversified its scope and substance ranging from the monitoring of ceasefire accords， election monitoring， humanitarian assistance to the protection of human rights， "humanitarian intervention" ， demobilization and social reintegration of the combatants， rehabilitation and reconstruction， and democratisation in the conflict areas. The U.N. now promotes assistance on national reconciliation， nation building and development in the Member nations in trouble. The magnitude of the operations has grown to surpass the size of the U.N. regular activities ， costing 2 to 3 billion dollars a year and involving as much as 70 to 90 thousand military and civilians. Recent notable developments are the increased proportion of the civilian personnel to the military and the transformation of the nature of operations in the field. The U.N. operations are increasingly involved in social and economic assistance relevant to the resolution of the cause of the conflicts. The U.N. PKOs employ more and more civilian staff and contractors. The U.N. humanitarian assistance agencies are recruiting increased number of relief operators and experts together with the ever-growing number of their colleagues from humanitarian international NGOs. Non-military personnel are assuming greater responsibilities in the implementation of the field activities ， e.g. protection and assistance for the local populations， confidence building and facilitation of the reconciliation among populations. In view of the diversification of the operations and the increased expenditures as well as the failure in some of the operations， for example， those in Somalia， Luanda and ex-Yugoslavia， reform of the PKOs is under way， as addressed to in the Brahimi Report， a report of an independent panel of the U.N. This study deals with (1) evolution of the mission of PKOs and modalities of operations as reflected on the purposes and functions of PKOs; and (2) changes in the operational principles and management of the PKOs and constraints on the mobilization and the use of resources the demand for which has tended to be ever growing. The study explores the possibilities for the PKOs to be deployed in a nonexcludable and nonrivalrous way so that the U.N. is able to provide peace as final global public goods. The study points out that the U.N. PKOs lacked a strategic planning due to their Ad Hoc nature and the shortage of coherent evaluation and management system. It also reports that the U.N. faces political and financial difficulties in ensuring rapid， impartial and non-selective or non-discriminatory deployment of the operations， which is the prerequisite for the role of the U.N. as a provider of public goods. If the U.N. is to provide such goods as a public institution in the global society， it needs to overcome limitations deriving from the club like decision-making on PKOs dominated by P-5 countries in the Security Council and the open-ended and voluntary system of troop contributions. The author argues that these difficulties ， particularly the lack of strategic planning have often politicised the decision-making on the use of force in the ground. Short of an efficient and reliable public management and evaluation system as well as an effective mechanism for the civilian stakeholders to participate in the decision-making， the U.N. could not establish criteria for humanitarian interference and a doctrine for the start and deployment of the operations. The making of an effective and accountable financing and management system of the PKOs is a necessary condition to create international governance of the U.N. peace operations.

紀要論文