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Diversification of Security and Possibilities for “Cultural Security”: Focusing on the Cases of the EU and France

English (英語)

International Relations and Diplomacy

9(8)

321-334

David Publishing

2021-08

2022-11-07

Security in international relations has been at a crossroads, especially after the end of the Cold War. National security has not been the only framework of security; human security has also occupied an important position. This “paradigm shift” of security occurred due to changes in the global security environment, such as the emergence of insecurity caused by poverty and ethnic conflict. It is obvious that national security based on a sovereign state and military forces are not enough to prevent war-fighting or to resolve its basic causes, so human security has attracted considerable attention, which complements national security. Human security needs the protection of communities in which people can find their identities and lead a peaceful life. For example, in Europe, a French riot by immigrant young people in 2005 indicated a lack of human security, where the shortage of protection of communities of immigrants under politics by the French government made the situation very serious. We present a new framework, “cultural security”, which complements human security in that the former protects communities based on each culture. It is ideal that all three dimensions of security work well as, if national security lacks, it may cause civil war or a failed state; if human security (in the narrow sense, focused on only individuals) lacks, it may lead to reinforced authoritarianism or a despotic regime; and if cultural security lacks, a civic nation would be developed but social life may be instable.

migration

国際文化学研究科

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