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クーデタ勢力の自己正統化論理 : 朴正熙政権と全斗煥政権の事例から

The Self-Legitimization Logic of Coup Forces : A Case Study of the Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan Regimes

国際協力論集

31

35-61

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2023-12-20

The question of democracy versus authoritarian regimes has always been a topic of great interest in political science. One aspect that is often emphasized is the superiority of the former over the latter. It is argued that because democratic systems are established with popular support, they have stable legitimacy. In contrast, authoritarian regimes must explain their legitimacy on grounds other than popular support. This problem is exacerbated in regimes established by naked physical force, since coups that seize power by undemocratic means require a logic of self-legitimation. This does not mean, however, that authoritarian regimes always fail to justify their own legitimacy or the process by which they came to power. In some cases, selflegitimization has been successful in establishing long-term rule. What are the factors that influence the self-legitimation logic of authoritarian regimes? In this paper, we will analyze the self-legitimization logic of two regimes that came to power through coups in South Korea during the Cold War: the Park Chung-hee regime and the Chun Doo-hwan regime. By comparing their self-legitimization logics and identifying the factors influencing them, we will show what elements play a role in post-coup self-legitimization. Two main points stand out in this analysis. One is the concentration of power in the previous regime, and the other is the existence of multiple options in the international community. As a result, the self-legitimization struggles faced by the Park Chung-hee regime were not significant hurdles for the Chun Doo-hwan regime, and thus no complex and abstract logic had to be formed.

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