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F・J・ガルの学説に見る骨相学の人間観 : 骨相学の教育史研究のための基礎的研究

F. J. Gall's Doctrine and Phrenological Perspective of Human Nature: Introduction to Study of Phrenology in History of Education

Japanese (日本語)

神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科研究紀要

4(1)

37-46

神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科

2010-09

2010-11-19

This essay examines what F. J. Gall's doctrine is and how phrenology views human nature. Main two documents in this essay, one is the first published article of Gall, founder of phrenology (1798) and the other is a published lecture note of 1805's lecture at Dresden (translated in English in 1807), shows that the idea of “nature” is crucially important to Gall or his theory formulation. That is to say, according to Gall, shape of skull which represents person's 27 innate dispositions, or faculties is plan of nature. And this view of human on which phrenology is based is almost traditional and is similar to that of East. On the other hand, Gall explained it in terms of physiology of brain, which was a novel idea at that time, of course different from East. In 19th century, Western phrenologists eagerly insisted that phrenology was very helpful to education, while it was identified and criticized as materialism and fatalism because of its view of human nature. Phrenology undoubtedly played a big role in history of education but there are few studies on this subject, especially in Japan. This essay would be an introduction to study of phrenology in history of education.

紀要論文