81004229

open access

Version of Record

ダイ5 キョウワコク ノ タイミンシュカ ウンドウ センリャク チョン ドファン セイケン ワ ナゼ ヤブレタカ

The failure of the 5th republic : Trials and Errors of Chun Doo-hwan Government against Democratization Movements

Japanese (日本語)

国際協力論集

20(1)

63-91

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2012-07

2012-08-21

This paper discusses how the Chun Doo-hwan government of the Fifth Repub- lic of South Korea (1981 to 1988) reacted against democratic movements and what strategies they employed. Many papers have been written to explain the process of democratization in South Koria, but most of them have overlooked the three perspec- tives considered here. First, this paper indicates the possible theoretical choices opened to authoritarian governments facing democratization movements and it insists on the crucial nature of ideological strategies. There are two key aspects for such ideological strategies: to develop strong ideologies that legitimize the regimes, and to employ ideologies persuading the people that democratization is not an important issue for their everyday lives and would entail a very high cost. Secondly, this paper analyzes the ideologies of the Chun Doo-hwan government in the process of establishing the new constitution in 1981. Here, it insists that the Chun Doo-hwan government tried to explain the regime change from the Fourth Republic to the Fifth as a kind of democratization. After that, it shows how such their legitimation of the regime failed in the actual political process of the Fifth Republic. Thirdly, it considers the other efforts of the Chun Doo-hwan government directing the people’s attention away from the democratic movements. This paper maintains that the cultural and sport policies of the Fifth Republic should be understood in this context, and also that they failed to achieve that goal, primarily because the country hosted the Olympic games in the same year as the Chun Doo-hwan government ended. The Olympic Games enabled the government to mobilize strong nationalism for their regime, but also prevented it from taking stronger actions against democratic movements.

紀要論文