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長欠・不登校児者を含めたビジティング教育 : 「必要原理教育」への権利の視点から (特集 訪問教育のいま)

Visiting education for all children with special needs, including the problems of long absences from school and nonattendance at school, from the viewpoint of the right to need-based education

Japanese (日本語)

障害者問題研究

30(1)

18-29

全国障害者問題研究会

2002-05

2020-12-23

日本国憲法は「その能力に応じて，ひとしく教育を受ける権利」と保護者の「子女に普通教育を受けさせる義務」とを規定している．学校教育法はスクーリング教育とともにビジティング教育も法制化しているが，義務教育とは学校に出席することであると誤解されてきた． したがって多くの重度障害児が1960年代には学校に行けなかった．全国的な教育権保障運動の結果， 1979年に義務教育段階における障害児の訪問教育が， 2000年には後期中等教育段階が制度化された．近年， 日本では長期欠席の児童生徒が増えている．これは登校拒否やいじめ問題とも関連している．こうした子どものためにフリースクールが開設されているが公的なものではない．すべての子どもは成長・発達の必要に応じて学ぶ権利をもっており，特別な教育的ニーズを有する子には学校への通学に代わる適切な教育が提供されるべきである．本稿では， 「必要原理教育」への権利の視点から，特別なニーズをもつすべての者へのビジティング教育制度の可能性と役割を明らかにした．The Constitution of Japan both guarantees the right to receive an equal education corresponding to ability and requires guardians to ensure that their children receive ordinary education. Although the School Education Law provides for not only the school education system but also the visiting education system, compulsory education has been popularly misunderstood as that in which children attend schools. Many children with severe disabilities could not attend schools through the 1960 s. The national movement promoting the right to education established visiting education for persons with disabilities from 6 to 15 years of age in 1979 and for those from 15 to 18 years of age in 2000. In Japan, the numbers of pupils and students who are absent from schools for a long period are increasing. This tendency is also related to refusal to attend schools and to the problem of bullying. Some free schools for such children have been started, but they do not have official status. Since every child has the right to study corresponding to his/her needs for growth and full development, appropriate alternative education should be provided for children with special educational needs instead of forcing them to attend schools. This paper illustrates the possibility of and tasks involved in the visiting education system for all persons with special needs from the viewpoint of the right to "need-based education."

need-based education

学術雑誌論文