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「能力原理」から「必要原理」への転換 : 「教育を受ける権利」をめぐって (特集 特別ニーズと教育・人権の争点)

Progress from the "Ability First" toward the "Need First" Principle in the Right to Education

Japanese (日本語)

障害者問題研究

36(1)

18-26

全国障害者問題研究会

2008-05

2020-12-23

日本国憲法は「その能力に応じて，ひとしく教育を受ける権利」(26条1項）を規定し， l947年教育基本法も「ひとしく，その能力に応する教育を受ける機会」(3条1項）の保障を定めた．それらは「能力に応じて」権利が制約されうるとの理解を招いたが，次第に「必要に応じて」と読み込まれるようになっている．本稿では，日本における「教育を受ける権利」をめぐる「能力原理」から「必要原理」への転換の歩みを明らかにする． Article 26, Clause 1, of the Constitution of Japan states that "All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law," and Article 3, Clause 1, of the 1947 Fundamental Law of Education also established that "The people shall all be given equal opportunities of receiving education according to their ability." The definitions of "ability" were rather misleading in terms of the limitations on receiving education, but our understanding of the phrase "in accordance with the needs of each person" has gradually broadened. This paper clarifies the progress from the "ability first" principle toward the "need first" principle in the right to education in Japan.

need-based education

学術雑誌論文