E0042099

open access

Version of Record

韓国における市民運動言説の形成 : キリスト教社会運動の系譜に注目して

Formation of Discourse on Citizens' Movement in Korea: Focusing on History of Christian Social Movements

Japanese (日本語)

国際協力論集

28(1)

55-78

神戸大学大学院国際協力研究科

2020-07-31

2020-08-18

This paper studied the historical origins of civic movements in South Korea through the cases of YMCA and the Citizen’s Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ). Contrary to the conventional view that the civic movements emerged from the opening of political opportunity caused by the democratization in 1987, this paper argues that its origin emerged from the dynamism within the Christian social movements, which constituted the mainstream of the overall democratization movements in the 1970’s and 80’s with the reception of the liberation theology and the concept of minjung (the oppressed people). First, this paper identified two critical aspects as to how YMCA came to proclaim that it would launch the civic movement in the 1980’s. One is that it was the attempt of Christian intellectuals, who were already leading the mainstream democratization movements, to mobilize the YMCA members to the ultimate goal of democratization. The other is that it reflected the conflict within the Christian movements in the 1980’s, between the radicals equipped with Marxist view and the moderates with the focus on the organization of broader popular foundation. These two aspects urged the Christian intellectuals to formulate the concept of shimin (the citizens), which supplanted the minjung concept that lost its function of preserving the solidarity of the democratization movements’ camp. Second, this paper clarified that the CCEJ, which was founded in 1989 for the purpose of redressing the growing gap between rich and poor, adopted the model of YMCA’s citizens’ movement in its organization and legitimization. With the use of the concept of the citizens’ movement, the CCEJ succeeded not only in mobilizing reform-oriented intellectuals and religious groups, who distanced themselves from the radicalized democratization movements, but also in effectively establishing legitimacy by marginalizing the minjung movements. In sum, the concept of the citizens’ movements was utilized to mobilize popular support and participation by displaying the image of legitimate nationals. However, it also ultimately involves internal divisions of the democratization movements’ camp from its very historical origin.

紀要論文